Chloral Hydrate Preconditioning Protects Against Ischemic Stroke via Upregulating Annexin A1

Limb ischemic preconditioning protects against contrast-induced nephropathy via renalase

Clinical trials shows that remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can protect against contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in risky patients, however, the exact mechanism is unclear. In this study, we explored whether renalase, an amine oxidase that has been previously shown to mediate reno-protection by local IPC, would also mediate the same effect elicited by remote IPC in animal model. Limb IPC...

Resveratrol preconditioning protects against cerebral ischemic injury via Nrf2

Background and Purpose—Nuclear erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an astrocyteenriched transcription factor that has previously been shown to upregulate cellular antioxidant systems in response to ischemia. While resveratrol preconditioning (RPC) has emerged as a potential neuroprotective therapy, the involvement of Nrf2 in RPC-induced neuroprotection and mitochondrial reactive oxygen speci...

Chloral and Chloral Hydrate

These substances were considered by a previous Working Group, in February 1995 (IARC, 1995). Since that time, new data have become available and these have been incorporated into the monograph and taken into consideration in the present evaluation.

Chloral and Chloral Hydrate

Chloral hydrate

Major uses Chloral hydrate (synthesized in 1832 and introduced into medicine 1869) is the oldest member of sedative-hypnotic drugs. To the same group belong paraldehyde, bromide, urethane, and sulfonal. Metabolite of chloral hydrate, trichloroethanol, is also an excellent hypnotic agent, but is not often used as such due to its physical and irritant properties. At present, chloral hydrate is la...